The Chronology
An academic exploration of Kerala’s evolution from prehistoric settlements to the modern linguistic state.
Prehistoric & Ancient Period
Foundation of culture and the first empires.
Covers the Stone Age (Edakkal Caves), the Megalithic Age (Muniyaras), the Sangam Age under the Early Cheras, and the rise of the Second Chera Empire.
Medieval Period
The Age of Local Kingdoms & Maritime Trade.
Following the fall of the Cheras, Kerala split into independent principalities like Venad, Kochi, and the Zamorins of Kozhikode.
Colonial Era
European arrival and social reform.
Marked by Portuguese, Dutch, and British hegemony, the Mysorean Interlude, and the Kerala Renaissance.
Modern History
Transition to a unified state.
The formal birth of Kerala State in 1956, the Aikya Kerala Movement, and historic land reforms.